as a leading compound for quantification in raw material and finished product. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 33, 996-1004 (2010). TLC of xylose with acetonitrile - water 9:1 with chamber saturation at ambient temperature. Detection by dipping into 4-aminobenzoic acid reagent for 1 to 2 s followed by heating at 110 °C for 10 min. The hRf of xylose was 56. Quantitative determination by densitometric evaluation at 366 nm. The linearity determination coefficient was r2 = 0.9999. The recovery of xylose was between 102 and 106 %. The precision of a six-time preparation was 1.6 %.

CBS 116, 11-12 (2016). HPTLC of lactose in milk, yoghurt, and instant sauce on silica gel with acetonitrile – water 3:1 (with 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid) to the migration distance of 5 cm. Detection by spraying with aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid reagent (2 g diphenylamine and 2 mL aniline in 80 mL methanol, 10 mL of o-phosphoric aicd 85 %, filled up to 100 mL) and heating for 10 min at 120 °C. Evaluation under white light. Elution of zones from the underivatized plate into ESI-MS with acetonitrile – water 19:1 (with 0.1 % formic acid) and detection in positive ionization mode. The method is suitable for semiquantitative determination of lactose by image evaluation and allows for confirmation of lactose-free products as such.

Anal. Biochem. 150, 13-17 (1985). HPTLC of oligosaccharides on NH2 -bonded silica. Immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies. Detection by autoradiography. 10 pmol of lacto-N-difucopentaose I and lacto-N-fucopentaose III can be detected. The method may be applied to identify and characterize antibody-binding oligosaccharides librated from glyco-conjugates and detect the structural specificity of other carbohydrate-binding proteins.

J. Chinese Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 20, 155-157 (1989). 2-Dimensional TLC on silica with a) toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 5:5:4, b) toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol - formic acid 5:5:4:0.1, c) the lower layer of chloroform - methanol - water 15:6:2. Detection by immersing in aniline - o-phthalic acid - butanol 2:3:200. Study of the sequence of sugars on the chromatogram.

(HPTLC separation of low-molecular carbohydrates). Dünnschicht-Chromatographie InCom Sonderband 1996, 139-147. HPTLC of thermolysates of sugars (1,6-anhydroglucose, D-glucose, dextrin and starch) on silica with a two-step resp. a 23-step AMD development based on chloroform-methanol-water. Detection by spraying with aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid and drying for 5 min at 105 °C. Quantification by densitometry at 385 nm.

J. Chinese Trad. & Herb. Drugs (Zhongcaoyao) 32 (5), 404-407 (2001). TLC on cellulose layer with ethyl acetate - pyridine - acetic acid - water 5:5:1:3, before and after hydrolysis of uronic acid containing polysaccharides. Detection under UV and by spraying with aniline-O-phthalic acid reagent. Discussion of the advantages of the method compared to conventional TLC procedures.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 19, 10-14 (2006). OPLC of D-xylitol, L-arabitol, D-glucitol , D-xylose, L-arabinose, D-glucose, and L-rhamnose on silica gel with overrunning elution. Acetonitrile - acetic acid - water 63:33:5 was used as mobile phase. The upper limits of linearity were in the range 140-600 ng and detection limits were 15-50 ng per spot.

A review. Food Chem. 254, 377-389 (2018). Review of extraction and purification methods for Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, including chemical characterization and evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. HPTLC methods were described to determine monosaccharide composition and map the glycidic component of glycoconjugates.