CBS 100, 2-5 (2008). HPTLC of photodegraded UV filters and sunscreen on silica gel LiChrospher prewashed with methanol. AMD 2 development of UV filter standards photodegradation products with diisopropylether - n-hexane in 6 steps over 50 mm without preconditioning, and of sunscreen samples photodegradation products with t-butylmethylether - n-hexane in 7 steps over 50 mm with preconditioning, followed by drying at 120 °C for 30 min. Detection at 254 and 366 nm, followed by biodetection via dipping the plate in a Vibrio fischeri solution for 1 s and evaluation with the Bioluminizer (exposure time 55 s). Densitometric evaluation by multi-wavelength scan at 200-400 nm.

J. China Assoc. Instr. Anal. 8, 6-14 (1989). A review with 15 references of some recent developments in instrumental TLC techniques aiming at increasing the separation efficiency based on existing layers, such as gradient elution in normal phase, multidimensional separations by coupling gradient-elution reverse-phase HPLC with AMD normal phase gradient elution. Description of applications to phospholipids in emulsifiers, sulfonamides in feed, plastic prepolymerizate and pesticides in drinking water.

Part II. Multi-stage development. J. Chromatogr. 635, 283-289 (1993). Presentation of a theoretical model of gradient multiple development as a basis for the optimization of separation by planar multi-step development and AMD and a computer program for the calculation of final Rf values for multi-stage development in the gradient mode for known retention vs. eluent composition relationship. Discussion of the influence of various parameter on the final Rf values. Comparison of the predicted and experimental Rf values.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 8, 439-443 (1995). HPTLC of 12 PVC antioxidants (i.a. bisphenol A, AO2 - AO10, BHT, AO12); identification was based both on isocratic development and automated multiple development. The isocratic screening method is a three-part TLC system with a basic separation method and two group-separation methods. Automated multiple development achieves identification with a single chromatogram. Quantification was performed using three of the twelve antioxidants as examples with mixtures of petrol ether and ether containing acetic acid (1 mL). A) 32 for the basic separation, b) 11 for group I separation and c) 191 for group 2 separation. Detection under UV 254 nm. Mobile phase for AMD consisted of n-heptane and diethyl ether. Quantification by densitometry at 258 nm (absorbance), at 366 nm (fluorescence). Recovery of e.g. bisphenol A was 97% with a relative standard deviation of 2.1%.

CBS 83, 6-7 (1999). HPTLC-AMD of PAHs in liver and lung of animals exposed to contaminated soil on RP-18 with a 14-step gradient from acetonitrile to methanol - water 91. Quantification by fluorescence measurement at 313/>400 nm and 254/>400 nm, respectively. Strict linearity (r2 > 0.99 on 5 measuring points) was proven. Coefficient of variation was found to be < 5 %, and recoveries between 55 and 70 % were given. Limits of detection was determined to be 0.2 to 2 ng/g sample.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 18, 23-27 (2005). HPTLC-AMD of fructo-oligosaccharides and inulin mixtures (sucrose, 1-kestose, nystose, and fructosylnystose) on diol phases at 55-65 % relative humidity in a twin-trough chamber with an acetonitrile - acetone - water polarity gradient. Detection by derivatization with 4-aminobenzoic acid reagent and quantitation by scanning at 366 nm.

J. AOAC Int. 91, 1210-1217 (2008). HPTLC of monocrotophos, quinalphos, triazophos, parathion-methyl, isophenphos-methyl, temephos, parathion, phoxim, and chlorpyrifos on silica gel with automated multiple development. HPTLC of phoxim and chlorpyrifos on silica gel with dichloromethane - hexane 11 in a twin-trough chamber. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm.

J. Chromatogr. 511, 396-401 (1990). HPTLC of natural phenolic compounds with the AMD system on silica using a 20-step gradient based on methanol – dichloromethane – water – formic acid. Detection under UV 360 nm for coumarins and phenol carboxylic acids, and by dipping in a 4% aqueous aluminium sulfate solution for flavonoids. Densitometry at 360 nm.