3 Biotech 13, 32 (2023). Samples were the products of transgalactosylation operated by β-galactosidase immobilized on modified carrageenan beads in a solution of lactose. Raffinose, a trisaccharide, was used as standard. TLC on silica gel with n-propanol – water 17:3. Detection of galacto-oligosaccharides by spraying naphthol reagent (50 mg α-naphtol in 95 mL ethanol and 5 mL sulfuric acid), followed by heating. The target zones from unsprayed layers were further extracted with methanol using a TLC-MS interface into a quadrupole MS (flow rate 0.2ml/min, positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI), m/z range 10–1200). Galactose oligomers were found, from trimers to hexamers (heptamers were observed when the reaction time was beyond 3 hours).

Food Chem. 432, 137145 (2024). HPTLC of glucose (1), maltose (2) and maltriose (3) released from 10 flour samples with the enzymatic (human salivary α-amylase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase in a pancreatin enzyme mixture) and calcium chloride solution, pre-conditioned for 30 min in 70 % relative humidity with saturated sodium carbonate decahydrate solution. Before starting the enzyme reaction by wetting the application area, the upper plate part was covered with another smaller plate, which was sprayed with 2.5 mL 0.1 M sodium chloride solution to start the enzyme reaction, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 60 min. The plate was developed with acetonitrile - water - 2-propanol - acetone 12:3:4:1 or acetonitrile - water - 2-propanol 3:1:1. Detection by spraying with p‑aminobenzoic acid reagent (2 g p-aminobenzoic acid in 252 mL glacial acetic acid - water - acetone - o‑phosphoric acid 25:25:75:1), followed by heating at 140 °C for 5 min. Chromatograms were documented at 366 nm and the fluorescence was measured densitometrically at 366/>400 nm. Linearity was in the range of 5-800 ng/zone for (1), 10-950 ng/zone for (2) and 47-565 ng/zone for (3). Intermediate precisions were below 16 %. Mean recoveries were between 111 and 112 % for (1) and 106 and 115 % for (2).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 36, 201-210 (2023). HPTLC of trehalulose on silica gel with 1-butanol - 2-propanol - 5 mg/mL aqueous boric acid solution 3:5:1. Detection by spraying with aniline - diphenylamine - phosphoric acid reagent, followed by heating to 115 °C for 10 min. Plates were analyzed under white light using three sets of images: remission white, transmission white and remission–transmission white. The hRF value for trehalose was 5 (1) to (3) were 38, 24 and 50, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 100-800 ng/zone. Intermediate precisions were below 2 % (n=3). LOD and LOQ were 20 and 61 ng/zone, respectively. Mean recovery was 102.3 %.

Food Res. Int. 173, 113288 (2023). Review of production, bio-activity, and the role of coffee oligosaccharides (COS) as a functional food, including TLC and HPTLC separation and characterization techniques for the analysis of COS.

Marine Drugs 20(1), 2 (2022). Samples were the products of partial vs. complete hydrolysis of agar by rGaa16Bc, a recombinant form of agarase Gaa16B from Gilvimarinus agarilyticus (Cellvibrionaceae) overexpressed in Escherichia coli. D-galactose (G) and its oligomers (neoagarobiose (NA2), neoagarotetraose (NA4), neoagarohexaose (NA6)) were used as standards. TLC on silica gel with n-butanol – acetic acid – water 2:1:1. Visualization by spraying orcinol reagent (50 mg orcine monohydrate in 100 mL acetone and 8 mL sulfuric acid), followed by 10 min heating at 110° C. The observed patterns showed the apparition of NA6 and NA4 among the hydrolytic products already after 20 min reaction, whereas NA4 and NA2 were the main products after over-night complete hydrolysis.

J. Food. Biochem. 45, e13764 (2021). HPTLC of L-arabinose, D-fructose, D-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-rhamnose, D-xylose in the roots of Sechium edule on silica gel with chloroform - n-butanol - methanol - water - acetic acid 9:15:10:3:3. Detection by spraying with 5 % sulfuric acid in methanol containing 0.1 % orcinol, followed by heating at 80 °C for 5-10 min.

Microbiol. Res. 266, 127215 (2023). HPTLC of β-manno-oligosaccharides mannobiose (1), mannotriose (2), and mannotetrose (3) in the fermented broth of adult-associated Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSMZ 20083 on silica gel with butanol - water - acetic acid 2:1:1 overnight (12-15 h). Detection by spraying with a mixture of 1 mg/mL orcinol, 75 % ethanol and 3.2 % sulfuric acid in water, followed by heating at 100 °C for 10 min. The method was used to determine the ability of adult-associated B. adolescentis DSMZ 20083 to utilize β-manno-oligosaccharides from guar gum, locust bean gum, konjac root, and copra meal generated using GH26 endo-β-mannanase (ManB-1601).

Food Chem. 132941 (2022). HPTLC of monosaccharides glucose, galactose and rhamnose in Abroma augusta mucilage on silica gel with acetone - butanol - water 5:4:1. Detection by spraying with orcinol-sulfuric acid solution, followed by heating at 90 °C for 5 min.