J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 37, 1805-1818 (2014). HPTLC of azithromycin dehydrate (1) and cefixime trihydrate (2) on silica gel with methanol – ethyl acetate – toluene – ammonia (30 %) 45:35:20:4. Quantitative determination (A) by absorbance measurement at 366 nm or (B) after spraying with stannic chloride reagent (40 mL chloroform and 40 mL glacial acetic acid were mixed and 5 mL of stannic chloride was slowly added) or (C) ethanolic sulfuric acid (20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid in 80 mL of ethanol) followed by absorbance measurement at 450 nm for (B) and (C). The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 80 and 27 for (A) and (B) and 67 and 30 for (C). Due to concentrated sulfuric acid, (C) showed a slight change in hRF. Linearity for (1) was in the range of 1000-5000 ng/zone (A), 1500-5000 ng/zone (B) and 1000-6000 ng/zone (C) and for (2) was 400-2000 ng/zone (A), 1600-4000 ng/zone (B) and 800-2400 ng/zone (C). The intermediate/inter-day/intra-day precision was below 2 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ for (1) was 85 and 257 ng/zone (A), 119 and 360 ng/zone (B) and 39 and 119 ng/zone (C) and for (2) it was 36 and 110 ng/zone (A), 194 and 588 ng/zone (B) and 69 and 208 ng/zone (C), respectively. Recovery was in the range of 98.2-102.4 % for both (1) and (2).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 229-231 (2016). HPTLC of imipenem, meropenem, doripenem and eratapenem on silica gel G with 11 developing systems. Detection by spraying with iodine solution (0.2 g of potassium iodine and 0.4 g of iodine_x000D_ mixed in 20 mL of ethanol and 5 mL of hydrochloric acid), ninhydrin reagent (0.1 % ninhydrin in ethanol) or potassium permanganate solution (1 mg dissolved in 10 mL of water). The hRF values for the studied carbapenems in each developing system ranged between 13 and 58.

J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 41, 315-323 (2018). HPTLC of three types of macrocyclic compounds, i.e. (1) cyclodextrins, (2) calixarenes and (3) macrocyclic antibiotics, on silica gel or RP-18 with different compositions of water – organic liquids (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile). Detection of (1) on silica gel with a 1:1 mixture of 10 % α-naphthol in ethanol and 10 % sulfuric acid in water, followed by heating at 120 °C for 5-10 min; and on RP18 W by spraying with a 25 % methanolic solution of sulfuric acid, followed by heating at 120 °C for 5-10 min. Detection of (2) by spraying with 20 % aqueous solution of perchloric acid, followed by heating at 120 °C for 5 min. A comprehensive retention data set was obtained for fast selection of mobile phase compositions.

of Medicine Industry 12, 30-31 (1983) (Chinese) (Screening of antibiotics by thin-layer chromatography and bioautography.) TLC of antibiotics on silica with chloroform - methanol - NH3 in different proportions. Detection by overlaying the plate with agarose gel containing neutral red, protein, beef extract, NaCl, glucose and test bacteria, e.g. Escherichia coli, and incubating at 37 °C for 18-24 hr: red bacteria areas and yellow inhibition zones.

J.A.O.A.C. 70, 126-129 (1987). TLC of cyclosporin A on silica with 3 solvent systems: butanol - acetic acid - water 4:1:1, chloroform - acetic acid - methanol 85:10:5, ethyl acetate - hexane - acetone 2:1:1. Detection with iodine, spraying with 6N HCl, oven-drying at 110 °C for 30 min and spraying with 0.1 % ninhydrin in butanol.

Jap. Hygienic Chem. 32, 442-446 (1986) (Eisei Kagaku). TLC on silica with acetonitrile - water 7:1. Determination by fluorescence densitometry at 365 nm. Detection limit 0.2 µg/g.

Chinese J. Antibiotics 13, 376-377 (1988). TLC on silica with 10% ammonium acetate - 10% NH3 - acetone 9:1:10. Detection under UV 254 nm. Quantification by spectrometry at 269 nm after removal from plate and elution with citric buffer.

Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Instrum. Planar Chromatogr., (Interlaken 1991), Inst. Chromatogr., Bad Dürkheim, FRG, 377-383 (1991). HPTLC on silica with nonbasic potassium phosphate solution (29%). Comparison of ninhidrin and fluorescamine dipping reagent. Quantification by fluorescence at 366 nm and absorbance at 510 nm. Visualization of ninhydrin is recommended only for qualitative purposes, the derivatization with fluorescamine allows the quantitative analysis of the three fractions of gentamin C in the ppb (µg/kg) range.