leaves by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 27, 357-361 (2014). HPTLC of (1) lawsone, (2) methylene-3,3'-bilawsone, and (3) lawsone methyl ether on silica gel with n-butyl acetate – chloroform – glacial acetic acid 60:40:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 280 nm. The hRF values for (1) to (3) were 23, 15 and 36, respectively. Linearity was between 5 and 15 μg/zone for each substance. The intermediate intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 2 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ were 200 and 600 ng/zone for (1) to (3), respectively.

Chinese J. Food & Drug 16 (2), 116-119 (2014). Tibetan Wuwei Ganluyaoyu Tangsan powder is a TCM for the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, hemiplegia, skin diseases, women's postpartum disease, etc. For quality control, HPTLC on silica gel (1) for Ephedra sinica Stapf, (1R,2S)-(-)-ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride with chloroform – methanol – concentrated ammonia 4:1:0.1, detection by spraying with 0.1 % ninhydrin in acetone and heating at 105 °C until the spots were visible; (2) for Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim. with petroleum ether (60-90 °C) – ethyl acetate 9:1, detection by spraying with 5 % vanillin in sulfuric acid – ethanol 1:4 and heating at 105 °C until the spots were visible; (3) for Juniperus formosana Hayata with dichloromethane – methanol – formic acid 5:0.7:0.5, detection at UV 366 nm after spraying with 3% aluminum trichloride in ethanol and heating at 105 °C; (4) for Artemisia sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd. with cyclohexane – acetone 5:6, detection as before.

J. Beijing Univ. Agr. 29 (2), 33-35 (2014). Qishen Koufuye oral solution is a TCM preparation for the treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, etc. For quality control, TLC on silica gel (1) for Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. and astragaloside A with ethyl acetate – butanone – formic acid – water 5:3:1:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C for 5 min, evaluation under white light and at UV 366 nm; (2) for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 7:3, detection by spraying with 5 % p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in sulfuric acid – ethanol 1:4 and heating at 105 °C for 5 min, evaluation at UV 366 nm; (3) for Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. with ethyl acetate – formic acid – glacial acetic acid – water 15:1:1:2, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C for 5 min, evaluation under white light and at UV 366 nm. Identification of Radix Codonopsis by HPLC.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 256-261 (2015). HPTLC of picroside-I (1) and picroside-II (2) in Picrorhiza kurroa on silica gel with ethyl acetate - methanol - acetic acid 80:10:1. Detection by dipping into anisaldehyde - sulfuric acid, followed by heating at 120 °C for 5 min. Quantitative fluorescence measurement at UV 366 nm. The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 57 and 66, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 200-4000 ng/zone. LOD and LOQ were 16 and 47 ng/zone for (1) and 16-48 ng/zone for (2). The intermediate precision was below 11 % (n=3).

J. Ethnopharmacol. 174, 178-186 (2015). HPTLC of magnolol (1) and honokiol (2) in the cortex of Magnolia officinalis and aristolochic acid I (3) and II (4) in the radix of Aristolochia baetica on silica gel with methanol - ethyl acetate - toluene 1:2:30 for (1) and formic acid - water - ethyl acetate - toluene 1:1:10:20 for (2). Detection of (1) and (2) by spraying with vanillin reagent, followed by heating at 110 °C for 5 min. Detection of (3) and (4) by spraying with stannous chloride 100 g/L in diluted hydrochloric acid, followed by heating at 100 °C for 1 min. Identification under UV light at 365 nm for (3) and (4). The hRF values for (1) to (4) were 40, 50, 46 and 54, respectively.

Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 26, 1-14 (2016). HPTLC fingerprinting of three varieties of Marantodes pumilum on silica gel with chloroform - methanol 9:1. Detection by dipping into a mixture of p-anisaldehyde and sulfuric acid reagent, followed by heating at 100 ºC for 10 min. Qualitative evaluation under UV light at 254 and 366 nm. M. pumilum var. pumila leaves differ from the other two varieties based on the presence of an orange band at hRF 22 or 56. The stem extract of M. pumilum var. alata had the least intense orange band at either hRF 22 or 56. A peak at hRf 22 appeared as a major compound of the stem of M. pumilum varieties in the order of var. lanceolata > var. pumila > var. alata, and can be used for quality control and identification of different parts of the plant materials.

J. Ethnopharmacol. 189, 186-193 (2016). HPTLC fingerprinting of salannin in the leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.; Meliaceae) on silica gel with ethyl acetate – dichloromethane – acetic acid – formic acid – water 100:25:10:10:11. The plates were allowed to dry at 100 °C for 5 min and then derivatized with Natural Product reagent (NPR) (1 g diphenyl borinic acid amino ethyl ester in 200 mL of ethyl acetate), followed by heating at 100 °C for 2–3 min and then dipped into anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent (1 mL p-anisaldehyde, 10 mL sulfuric acid, 20 mL acetic acid in 170 mL methanol) and dried at 120 °C for 5 min. Qualitative identification under UV light at 254 or 366 nm.

J. Chromatogr. Sci. 54 (1), 64-69 (2016). Micro-TLC of 11 species of the Mentha genus and two finished pharmaceutical products in two-dimensional mode in normal (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) systems on cyano phase with non-aqueous eluents for NP-TLC and with mixtures of acetonitrile with water or methanol with water for RP-TLC. Optimization of one-dimensional systems was performed by determining RM values vs. composition of mobile phase dependencies for standards occurring in various Mentha sp. On the basis of these dependencies the most selective chromatographic systems for each run were chosen. Then most selective eluents were applied to optimize two-dimensional systems by creating Rf in NP systems vs. Rf in RP systems correlations. The best two-dimensional systems were chosen on the basis of R(2) values for Rf vs. Rf correlations (the lowest values of R(2) coefficients). Two-dimensional micro-TLC was used to separate phenolic compounds of the examined plant materials.