with the reference of protostemonine. J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 448-451 (2015). HPTLC of protostemonine in Stemona sessilifolia on silica gel with ammonium hydroxide solution (25 %, v/v) – acetone – ethyl acetate – cyclohexane 1:4:4:6. Detection by spraying with diluted bismuth potassium iodide solution followed by drying at room temperature and spraying with 5 % sodium nitrite in 70 % ethanol solution. The hRF value for protostemonine was 30. The intermediate precision was below 2 % (n=5).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 209-215 (2016). HPTLC of berberine in Tinospora cordifolia on silica gel with methanol – acetic acid – water 8:1:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 366 nm. The hRF value of ranolazine was 71. Linearity was in the range of 120-360 ng/zone. Intermediate precisions were below 2 %. The LOD and LOQ were 40 and 120 ng/zone, respectively. The average recovery was 98.6 %.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 417-422 (2016). HPTLC of kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), and gallic acid (3) in the herb Euphorbia humifusa on silica gel with chloroform – ethyl acetate – formic acid 26:22:5. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 300 nm for (3) and 400 nm for (1) and (2). The hRF values for (1) to (3) were 18, 36 and 48, respectively. Linearities ranged 168-448 ng/zone for (1), 183-488 ng/zone for (2) and 179-476 ng/zone for (3). The intermediate precision was below 3.3 % (n=6). The LODs and LOQs were 16 and 53 ng/zone for (1), 7 and 23 ng/zone for (2) and 8-23 ng/zone for (3), respectively. Average recoveries were 96.1 % for (1), 98.3 % for (2) and 96.6 % for (3).

Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. 27, 50-53 (2017). HPTLC of quercetin (1) and gallic acid (2) in Leea indica on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid 5:4:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm. The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 63 and 45, respectively. Linearity was between 200 and 1000 ng/zone for (1) and between 200 and 1200 ng/zone for (2), respectively. The intermediate precision was <2 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ were 21 and 65 ng/zone for (1) and 15 and 55 ng/zone for (2). Recovery rate was in the range of 98.0-99.1 % for (1) and 99.3-100.2 % for (2).

J. China Pharm. 25 (2), 72-74 (2016). Baibai Keli granule is a herbal TCM for treatment of menorrhagia caused by Qi deficiency and blood-heat. For quality control, TLC of its extracts on silica gel (1) for Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., with n-butanol – formic acid 1:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visualized in daylight; (2) for Poria Cocos (Schw.) Wolf dry sclerotium, with petroleum ether (30-60 °C) – acetone 4:1, detection under UV 366 nm; (3) for Atractylodes macrocephala, with petroleum ether (60-90 ºC) – ethyl acetate 20:1, detection by spraying with 5 % vanillin in sulfuric acid – ethanol 4:1 and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visualized in daylight; (4) for Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge., with the lower phase of chloroform – ethyl acetate – methanol – water 3:3:2:1 under 10 ºC overnight, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 ºC until the zones are visualized, evaluation (A) in daylight and (B) at UV 366 nm. Quantification of glycyrrhizic acid by HPLC.

Hoffm. A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 220, 294-320 (2018). Review of the phyto-constituents of Arctotis arctotoides, including the application of TLC and HPTLC for the analysis of steroids and acids, alcohol and phenolics, guaianolides, germacranolide, eudesmanolides, farnesol derivatives and sesquiterpenes. The review also described bio-autographic methods on TLC plates against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei) bacteria.

Pharmacogn. Mag. 14, 619-629 (2018). HPTLC of_x000D_ ferulic acid (1), chalcone (2), and catechin (3) in Saraca asoca extract on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid – methanol 15:15:4:1. Qualitative evaluation at UV 280 nm. The hRF values for (1) to (3) were 79, 88 and 67, respectively.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 31, 332-336 (2018). HPTLC of β-sitosterol (1) and lupeol (2) in Saussurea lappa and Saussurea auriculata on silica gel with toluene ‒ ethyl acetate ‒ glacial acetic acid 29:9:2. Detection by spraying with anisaldehyde–sulfuric acid reagent. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 525 nm. The hRf values for (1) and (2) were 71 and 88, respectively. Linearity was between 100 and 400 ng/zone. LOD and LOQ were 7 and 23 ng for (1), and 6 and 17 ng for (2), respectively. The intermediate precision was <2 %. Average recovery was 99.9 % for (1) and 100.0 % for (2).