Beijing J. of Trad. Chinese Med. 31 (6), 458-460 (2012). Qieshisan medical powder is a herbal TCM preparation for the treatment of eczema and skin exudate erosion. For quality control 1) microscopy of Scutellaria baicalensis and Rheum palmatum L. (mixing the powder with chloral hydrate on a slide and heating until the slide looks transparent; 2) TLC of natural Indigo and the standards indirubin and indigo, on silica gel with toluene – chloroform – acetone 5:4:1, detection in daylight; 3) Quantification of baicalin by HPLC.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 27, 132-139 (2014). HPTLC of levetiracetam on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - methanol 2:1:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 204 nm. The hRF value for levetiracetam was 50. Linearity was in the range of 1-1000 ng/zone. The intermediate/interday/intra-day precisions were below 1 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ were 30 and 100 ng/zone, respectively. Recovery was between 99.2 and 100.9 %.

J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 37, 1805-1818 (2014). HPTLC of azithromycin dehydrate (1) and cefixime trihydrate (2) on silica gel with methanol – ethyl acetate – toluene – ammonia (30 %) 45:35:20:4. Quantitative determination (A) by absorbance measurement at 366 nm or (B) after spraying with stannic chloride reagent (40 mL chloroform and 40 mL glacial acetic acid were mixed and 5 mL of stannic chloride was slowly added) or (C) ethanolic sulfuric acid (20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid in 80 mL of ethanol) followed by absorbance measurement at 450 nm for (B) and (C). The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 80 and 27 for (A) and (B) and 67 and 30 for (C). Due to concentrated sulfuric acid, (C) showed a slight change in hRF. Linearity for (1) was in the range of 1000-5000 ng/zone (A), 1500-5000 ng/zone (B) and 1000-6000 ng/zone (C) and for (2) was 400-2000 ng/zone (A), 1600-4000 ng/zone (B) and 800-2400 ng/zone (C). The intermediate/inter-day/intra-day precision was below 2 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ for (1) was 85 and 257 ng/zone (A), 119 and 360 ng/zone (B) and 39 and 119 ng/zone (C) and for (2) it was 36 and 110 ng/zone (A), 194 and 588 ng/zone (B) and 69 and 208 ng/zone (C), respectively. Recovery was in the range of 98.2-102.4 % for both (1) and (2).

Chinese J. of Clin. Res. on Trad. Chinese Med. 5 (18), 38-40 (2013). Huaiyu Wan pill is a herbal TCM for treating bleeding of rectum polyp, anal fissure, hemorrhage due to ulcerative colitis etc. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and the standard gardenoside, with ethyl acetate – acetone – formic acid – water 5:5:1:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 110 °C until the zones are visible in daylight; 2) for flowers and buds of Sophora japonica L. and the standard rutin, with ethyl acetate – formic acid – water 8:1:1, detection by spraying with 1 % aluminum trichloride in ethanol, detection under UV 366 nm; 3) for Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. and the standard paeonol, with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 3:1, detection by spraying with 2 % ferric chloride in ethanol and heating until the zones are visible in daylight. Quantification of rutin by HPLC.

Chinese J. of Hunan Agr. Sci. & Technol. 14 (12), 1834-1838 (2013). Qishen oral solution is a herbal veterinary TCM which in pharmacological studies increased the thymus index and spleen index and improved the formation of serum hemolysin and phagosytosis of reticuloendothelia cells in immunocompromised mice and rats. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Astragalus membranaceus and the standard astragaloside A with ethyl acetate – butanone – formic acid – water 5:3:1:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible in daylight and UV 366 nm; 2) for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 7:3, detection by spraying with 5 % p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in sulfuric acid – ethanol 1:10 and heating at 105 °C for 5 min, evaluation under UV 366 nm; 3) for Glycyrrhiza uralensis with ethyl acetate – formic acid – acetic acid – water 15:1:1:2, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible in daylight and under UV 366 nm. HPLC of Codonopsis pilosula and the standard lobetyolin using a reversed phase column with acetonitrile – water 1:3, detection with an fluorescence detector.

Chinese J. of Ethnomed. & Ethnopharm. (16), 20-22 (2013). Lujiao zhuanggu Jiaonang capsule is a herbal TCM for treating fracture, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis etc. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Ligusticum chuanxiong and the standard ferulic acid, with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid 40:10:1, detection under UV 366 nm; 2) for Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and the standard astragaloside A, with the lower phase of chloroform – methanol – water 13:7:2, detection under UV 366 nm and in daylight after spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible. Quantification of naringin by HPLC.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 54-60 (2015). HPTLC of bergenin in the aerial parts of Flueggea virosa on silica gel with dichloromethane – methanol 17:3. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 220 nm. The hRF value of bergenin was 29. Linearity was between 100 and 800 ng/zone. The intermediate intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 2 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ for bergenin were 18 and 53 ng/zone, respectively. Recoveries were in the range of 99-100 %.

induces apoptosis and inhibits multi-drug resistance transporters in human epithelial cancer cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 158, 33-42 (2014). HPTLC fingerprint of the whole plant of Vernonia cinerea L. on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 6:3:1, detection at UV 366 nm. The dichloromethane fraction showed the presence of 9 zones, including the standard lupeol at hRF 60.