J. Planar Chromatogr. 27, 460-465 (2014). HPTLC of (1) schisandrin, (2) gomisin B, (3) deoxyschisandrin and (4) gomisin N on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – methanol 6:1:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 225 nm. The hRF values of (1) to (4) were 20, 32, 61 and 72, respectively. Linearity was between 10 and 500 ng/zone for each substance. The intermediate intra-day and inter-day precision was below 3 % (n=5) for (1) to (4). The LOD and LOQ were 2.0 and 6.6 ng/zone for (1) and (2), and 2.5 and 8.2 for (3) and (4), respectively. Recovery for (1) to (4) were in the range of 97.2-102.3 %.

J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Tech. 37, 2989-2999 (2014). HPTLC of neutral and polar lipid content of digestive gland-gonad complex of Biomphalaria glabrata on silica gel with petroleum ether - diethyl ether - glacial acetic acid 80:20:1 for neutral lipids, and chloroform - methanol - deionized water 65:25:4 for phospholipids. Detection of neutral lipids by spraying with 5 % ethanolic phosphoric acid, followed by heating at 115 ºC for 10 min. Phospholipids were detected by spraying with 10 % cupric sulfate in 8 % phosphoric acid, followed by heating at 140 ºC for 30 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 610 nm for neutral lipids and 370 nm for polar lipids. The hRF values of neutral lipids were 19 for cholesterol, 38 for oleic acid and 57 for triolein, whereas for polar lipids were 46 for phosphatidylcholine and 66 for phosphatidylethanolamine.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 36-41 (2015). HPTLC of (1) gallic acid and (2) kaempferol during the processing of the Ayurvedic formulation Arista (herbal material fermented with flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa) on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid – methanol 15:15:4:1. The hRF values of (1) and (2) were 50 and 58, respectively. _x000D_

Guide Chinese Med. 17, 85-87 (2014). Zhituo Shenfa Wan pills are a TCM preparation or the treatment of seborrheic alopecia and Alopecia areata. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, with n-hexane – ethyl acetate 19:1, detection at UV 366 nm; 2) for Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., with petroleum ether (60-90 °C) – ethyl acetate 19:1, detection by spraying with 5 % p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in sulfuric acid – ethanol 1:4 and evaluation under white light; 3) for Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang ex Z. Y. Su et C. Y. Wu and the standard tetrahydropalmatine, with n-hexane – chloroform – methanol – triethylamine 10:6:1:1, detection by exposure to iodine vapors until the zones are clearly visualized, evaluation under white and at UV 366 nm; (4) for Pericarpium Citri reticulatae and the standard hesperidin, with chloroform – acetone – methanol 5:1:1, detection by spraying with 3 % aluminium trichloride in ethanol and heating mildly until the zones are visible under white and at UV 366 nm. Quantification of hesperidin by HPLC.

Chinese J. Inform. Trad. Chinese Med. 20 (5), 67-69 (2013). Yinao Huoxue Keli granule is a TCM compound for the treatment of hemiplegia, numbness of limbs, deviation of mouth and tongue. For quality control, HPTLC on silica gel (1) for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with chloroform – acetone – formic acid 8:1:1, detection by spraying with 3 % ferric chloride in 2 N hydrochloric acid – water 1:100 and heating at 105 °C until the spots were visible, identification by fingerprint comparison with the standard protocatechuic aldehyde and the standard ingredient drug; (2) for Panax quinquefolius L., ginsenoside Re, Rb1 and pseudoginsenoside F11 with the lower phase of chloroform – ethyl acetate – methanol – water 15:40:22:10 placed at 5-10 °C for 12 h, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the spots were visible.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 234-240 (2015). HPTLC of (1) omeprazole, (2) pantoprazole, (3) rabeprazole and (4) diclofenac from tablets on silica gel previously washed with methanol and activated at 105 °C for 20 min, with toluene - n-butanol - 25 % ammonia 30:70:2. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 290 nm. The hRF values were 67 for (1), 38 for (2), 57 for (3) and 27 for (4). Linearity was between 50 and 500 ng/zone for (1), (2) and (3), and between 150 and 1500 ng/zone for (4). The interday and intraday precisions were below 2 %. The LOD and LOD respectively for (1) were 7 ng/zone and 24 ng/zone, for (2) 9 ng/zone and 30 ng/zone, for (3) 13 ng/zone and 43 ng/zone, and for (4) 25 ng/zone and 82 ng/zone. Recovery was 99.6 % for (1), 100.1 % for (2), 100.4 % for (3) and 100.1 % for (4).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 287-293 (2015). HPTLC of bacoside A in the leaves of Bacopa monnieri on silica gel with ethyl acetate - methanol - water 4:1:1. Detection by spraying with 1 % vanillin in 10 % methanolic sulfuric acid. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 598 nm. The hRF value for bacoside A was 53. LOD and LOQ were 60 and 180 ng/zone, respectively. The intermediate precision was below 1 % (n=3). Recovery ranged between 97 and 100 %.

Trends Anal. Chem. 76, 60-70 (2016). The review discusses suitable analytical approaches for the analysis of counterfeit and substandard pharmaceuticals in Tanzania. The authors highlight the importance of TLC and HPTLC for the quality control of pharmaceuticals in developing countries, having a repeatability and a reproducibility of the results comparable to those obtained with HPLC.