Chinese J. of Hunan Agr. Sci. & Technol. 14 (12), 1834-1838 (2013). Qishen oral solution is a herbal veterinary TCM which in pharmacological studies increased the thymus index and spleen index and improved the formation of serum hemolysin and phagosytosis of reticuloendothelia cells in immunocompromised mice and rats. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Astragalus membranaceus and the standard astragaloside A with ethyl acetate – butanone – formic acid – water 5:3:1:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible in daylight and UV 366 nm; 2) for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 7:3, detection by spraying with 5 % p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in sulfuric acid – ethanol 1:10 and heating at 105 °C for 5 min, evaluation under UV 366 nm; 3) for Glycyrrhiza uralensis with ethyl acetate – formic acid – acetic acid – water 15:1:1:2, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible in daylight and under UV 366 nm. HPLC of Codonopsis pilosula and the standard lobetyolin using a reversed phase column with acetonitrile – water 1:3, detection with an fluorescence detector.

Chinese J. of Ethnomed. & Ethnopharm. (16), 20-22 (2013). Lujiao zhuanggu Jiaonang capsule is a herbal TCM for treating fracture, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis etc. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Ligusticum chuanxiong and the standard ferulic acid, with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid 40:10:1, detection under UV 366 nm; 2) for Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge and the standard astragaloside A, with the lower phase of chloroform – methanol – water 13:7:2, detection under UV 366 nm and in daylight after spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible. Quantification of naringin by HPLC.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 54-60 (2015). HPTLC of bergenin in the aerial parts of Flueggea virosa on silica gel with dichloromethane – methanol 17:3. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 220 nm. The hRF value of bergenin was 29. Linearity was between 100 and 800 ng/zone. The intermediate intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 2 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ for bergenin were 18 and 53 ng/zone, respectively. Recoveries were in the range of 99-100 %.

induces apoptosis and inhibits multi-drug resistance transporters in human epithelial cancer cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 158, 33-42 (2014). HPTLC fingerprint of the whole plant of Vernonia cinerea L. on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 6:3:1, detection at UV 366 nm. The dichloromethane fraction showed the presence of 9 zones, including the standard lupeol at hRF 60.

J. Sep. Sci. 37, 2675-2681 (2014). HPTLC of the acidic catecholamine metabolites (1) 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid, (2) epinephrine, (3) vanillylmandelic acid, (4) 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and (5) homovanillic acid in human urine on RP-18 with citrate buffer (pH 3.0) - methanol - formic acid 48:2:5. Detection by spraying with 0.02 % 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical solution in ethanol. Quantification by digital imaging processing. The hRF values of (1) to (5) were 84, 65, 59, 47 and 22, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 30-150 ng/zone for (1), (2) and (4), 90-450 ng/zone for (3) and 60-300 ng/zone for (5). The intermediate intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 3 % (n=3) for (1) to (5). The LOD and LOQ were 33 and 36 ng/zone for (1), 36 and 42 ng/zone for (2), 103 and 120 ng/zone for (3), 13 an 17 ng/zone for (4) and 45 and 54 ng/zone for (5), respectively. Recoveries for the compounds were between 94.6 and 105.7 %.

China Pharm. 22 (20), 21-23 (2013). Clematis L. is a traditional mongolian medicines. HPTLC identification of C. aethusifolia, C. intricate, C. brevicaudata, C. hexapeta, C. macropetala and C. mandshurica on silica gel with (A) petroleum ether (60-90°C) – ethyl acetate – acetone 9:3:1 at 25 °C and relative humidity of 50 %, detection by spraying with sulfuric acid – water 1:3, followed by heating at 100 °C until the spots were visible, or (B) chloroform – methanol – water 30:6:1 at 25 °C and relative humidity of 50 %, detection by spraying with sulfuric acid – water 1:3, followed by heating to 100 °C and viewing at UV 366 nm.

Pharm. Clinics Chinese Materia Med. 4 (6), 21-23 (2013). Lishen Jiaonang capsule is a TCM preparation for treatment of renal diseases. For quality control, TLC on silica gel 1) for Equisetum hyemale L. and the standard kaempferide with cyclohexane – ethyl acetate – formic acid 20:10:1, detection by spraying with 5 % aluminum trichloride in ethanol and evaluation at UV 366 nm; 2) for Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb with benzene – chloroform – acetone 8:5:7, detection at UV 366 nm. Quantification of kaempferide by HPLC.

Food Chem. 187, 460-468 (2015). HPTLC-direct bioautography of bioactive compounds in the extracts of cold-pressed hemp (1), flax (2) and canola (3) seed oil on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid - water 15:30:5:3 for (2) and toluene - ethyl acetate - acetic acid 80:25:4 for (1) and (3). HPTLC-DPPH scavenging activity was determined by dipping into a methanolic DPPH solution, followed by drying for 90 s in the dark and heating at 60 °C for 30 s. The hRF values of dominant radical scavenging zones were in the range of 75-85 for (1), 70-90 for (2) and 64 and 95-100 or (3). HPTLC-antimicrobial Aliivibrio fischeri assay allowed the determination of major antimicrobial zones at hRF 40-49 and 55-66 or (1), 23, 45 and 60 for (3) and 95 for (2). Additional effect-directed analyses employing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay, planar yeast estrogen (pYES) bioassay and Bacillus subtilis bioassay as well as subsequent HPTLC-ESI-MS allowed targeted characterization of bioactive compounds.