CBS 114, 5-7 (2015). HPTLC of biodiesel (B100), biodiesel blended with diesel fuel in different proportions (BX, with X_x000D_ being the volume percent of B100 in the mixture) and standard monoacylglyceride on silica gel with the AMD 2 system in a 3-step development starting with 100 % t-butyl methyl ether (up to 40 mm), followed by dichloromethane – n-heptane 4:1 up to_x000D_ 60 mm and then 3:2 up to 90 mm as final migration distance. Detection by dipping in a 0.02 % methanolic solution of primuline. Quantitative determination of monoacylglycerides via the 1-oleyl glycerol standard by fluorescence measurement at 366/>400 nm. Elution of target zones with methanol, flow rate 0.2 mL/_x000D_min, via the TLC-MS Interface (oval elution head 4 x 2 mm) into an ion-trap MS operating in positive ESI mode. The final chromatogram showed a migration distance of 15-20 mm for the monoacylglyceride of BX, other lipids detected were diacylglycerides,_x000D_ triacylglycerides, fatty acids (20–60 mm) and fatty acid methyl esters (60–83 mm), the preponderant chemical class. The sample peak at 86 mm corresponded to the diesel component in the blend.

J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 39, 277-280 (2016). HPTLC of azithromycin (1), imipramine HCl (2), and sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine (3/4) on silica gel with methanol – ethyl acetate – concentrated ammonia 40:10:1 for (1), methanol – ammonia 96:1 for (2) and ethyl acetate – methanol 5:1 for (3/4). Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm. The hRF values were 54 for (1), 40 for (2), 67 for (3) and 45 for (4). Precisions for recovery were within 5 % and RSDs for triplicate assays and validation analyses at 50, 100, and 150 % spike levels were within 3 %._x000D_

J. of China Pharm. 23 (8), 26-28 (2014). Compound Pipajiegeng ointment is a herbal TCM preparation for chronic cough, upper respiratory tract inflammation, and bronchitis. For quality control, TLC (1) of Eriobotrya japonica Thunb., on silica gel with chloroform – ethyl acetate – methanol – water 16:38:22:9, detection by spraying with 5 % phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible; (2) of Pericarpium Papaveris, on 2 % NaOH-containing silica gel with toluene – acetone – ethanol - ammonium hydroxide 20:19:3:1, detection by spraying with 5 % potassium iodobismuthate solution and viewing in daylight; (3) of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC., on 0.3 % NaOH-containing silica gel with cyclohexane – chloroform – methanol 15:11:1, detection by spraying with 25 % phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol and heating at 105 °C until the zones are visible; (4) of menthol, on silica gel with n-hexane – ethyl acetate 9:2, detection by spraying with 5 % vanillin in sulfuric acid – ethanol 4:1 and heating until the zones are visible. Quantification of morphine by HPLC.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 336-340 (2016). HPTLC of isoalantolactone (1), germacranolide (2), β-sitosterol (3), and lupeol (4) in the roots of Inula cappa on silica gel with toluene ‒ methanol 47:3. Detection by dipping into anisaldehyde reagent followed by heating at 105 ºC until colored bands appeared. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 525 nm. Linearity ranged from 10-70 μg/mL for (1), 10-60 μg/mL for (2), 8-48 μg/mL for (3) and 15-90 μg/mL for (4). The intermediate precisions were below 0.9 % (n=7). The LODs and LOQs were 5 and 10 μg/mL for (1), (2) and (4) and 2 and 6 μg/mL for (3). Average recoveries were between 98.3 and 99.0 % for (1) to (4).

Food Control. 70, 119-129 (2016). HPTLC of aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid 5:4:1. Qualititative identification under UV light at 366 nm.

Chinese J. of Drug Evaluation 32 (4), 193-194 (2015). Fortune Paulownia leaf, the dry leaf of Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl, is a TCM raw material used for treatment of carbuncles, furuncles, trauma, hemorrhage, etc. For quality control, TLC of its extracts on silica gel previously impregnated with 1 % iodine in dichloromethane and developed with cyclohexane – ethyl acetate – glacial acetic acid 20:6:1, detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 105 ºC until the zones are clearly visualized, viewing (A) in white light and (B) under UV 366 nm. Identification by fingerprint comparison with the standards oleanolic acid (hRf 67) and ursolic acid (hRf 60) and the reference raw material in parallel.

J. Chromatogr. Sci. 54 (7), 1077-1083 (2016). Development of a method for phenolic profiling in the assessment of authenticity of poplar-type propolis by comprising HPTLC, image processing and chemometric approach. TLC fingerprinting by applying modern TLC equipment in combination with software for image processing, pattern recognition by using the principal component analysis. Characterization of phenolic profile was performed along with the determination of the botanical and geographical origin of propolis. The results revealed that Central and Southeastern European propolis samples are rich in flavonoids, and phenolic compounds proved to be suitable markers for the determination of European propolis authenticity.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 30, 211-215 (2017). HPTLC of benzyl isothiocyanate in the root of Salvadora persica on silica gel with n-hexane ‒ ethyl acetate 9:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 191 nm. The hRF value for benzyl isothiocyanate was 61. Linearity was between 100 and 600 ng/zone. The intermediate precision was below 2 % (n=3). Recovery ranged from 97.6 to 99.5 %.