J. Chinese Trad. & Herb. Drugs (Zhongcaoyao) 32 (7), 650-651 (2001). TLC on silica gel with ethanol - water 3:2. Detection under UV. Identification by finger print technique combined with UV spectra comparison.

A. Mayer) preparations. J. Planar Chromatogr. 15, 147-150 (2002). TLC of ginsenosides Rg1, Rbl, and Re as well as of different extracts on silica gel in a horizontal chamber with chloroform - methanol - water 13:10:2. Detection by spraying with Godin's reagent (A. 50% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol; B. 1% solution of vanillin in ethanol) and heating at 105°C for 10 min. Video densitometry. The photographs were used to measure band separation and peak intensity (height), and their dependence on RF values.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 5969-5974 (2001). TLC of triterpene saponins (hederagenin 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside, caulophyllogenin 3-O-a-L-hederagenin 3-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-a -L-arabinopyranoside, cauloside A, B, C, D, G, leonticin D) after hydrolysation on the plates with concentrated hydrochloric acid vapor at 80°C for 30 min on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - water 14:6:1. Visualization by spraying with 5% sulfuric acid in ethanol; sugars (e.g. arabinose, glucose, rhamnose) were detected in comparison with authentic samples with aniline phthalate sugar reagent and 5% ethanolic sulfuric acid.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 16, 76-79 (2003). HPTLC of phenolic acids (i.a. p-coumaric acid) on silica gel and on diol-, amino-, and cyano-modified silica gel with e.g. three-step gradient elution with chloroform - hexane 7:3, ethyl acetate, and formic acid. Visualization by derivatization with 0.5% diazotized sulfanilic acid and 10% sodium carbonate. Densitometry at 254 nm.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 16, 386-389 (2003). TLC of rutin from medicinal plants (e.g. Tephrosia purpurea, Leptadenia reticulata, Ruta graveolens) on silica gel with ethyl acetate - butanol - formic acid - water 5:3:1:1 with chamber saturation for 15 min (25°C, relative humidity 40%). Quantitation by densitometry at 366 nm. The method was validated for precision (intra- and inter-day), repeatability, and accuracy. Simple, specific, and sensitive method.

Planta med. 68, 631-634 (2002). Preparative TLC of helietidine, y-fagarine, flindersine, kokusagenine, and maculosine on silica gel with chloroform - methanol 49:1. Detection by bioautography.

CBS 91, 14-15 (2003). HPTLC of hawthorn extract on silica gel with ethyl acetate - methanol - water - formic acid 50:2:3:6, of passion flower extract on silica gel with tetrahydrofuran - toluene - formic acid - water 16:8:2:1, and of chrysine on RP-18 W phase with tetrahydrofuran - methanol - water - formic acid 4:6:14:1. Detection by dipping the warm plate in natural products reagent (0.5 % in ethyl acetate) followed by dipping in PEG 400 solution (5 % in dichloromethane). Visual evaluation at 366 nm.

Juss) and commercial neem based formulations using HPTLC and extended length packed-columns SFC method. Chromatographia 62 (3-4), 183-195 (2005). Two chromatographic techniques are described for the separation and quantitative determination of azadirachtin A and B, salannin, and nimbin present in the crude extract of neem seed kernels and commercial neem based formulations. HPTLC separation of markers on silica gel with ethyl acetate - benzene 7:3. Visualization under UV 254 nm. The other technique was based on extended length packed column supercritical fluid chromatographic (PC-SFC) separation of the markers. Validation of both methods in terms of precision, robustness, recovery, limits of detection and quantitation. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test were applied to correlate the results of quantitative determination of markers by means of HPTLC and PC-SFC method.