J. Chinese Trad. Patent Med. (Zhongchengyao) 23 (3), 186-187 (2001). TLC on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - NH3 600:80:3, 2) chloroform - methanol 10:1. Detection by spraying with potassium iodobismuthate reagent. Identification by comparison with the standards. Quantitation by densitometry at 510 nm.

J. Chinese Trad. & Herb. Drugs (Zhongcaoyao) 32 (9), 843-845 (2001). TLC on silica gel with chloroform - diethylamine - methanol 45:1:5. Detection under UV and by spraying with 1% 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in ethanol and 20% hydrochloric acid solution. Identification by finger print technique combined with UV spectra.

J. Chinese Trad. & Herb. Drugs (Zhongcaoyao) 32 (8), 745-746 (2001). TLC on silica gel with butanol - chloroform - ethyl acetate 20:5:8. Detection by spraying with aceto anhydride - sulfuric acid 9:1 and heating at 110°C at 5 min. Identification by finger print technique, combined with UV spectra comparison, and microscopic characteristic.

J. Liq. Chrom. & Rel. Technol. 24, 1491-1499 (2001). TLC of glycyrrhetic acid, its monoglucuronide, and glycyrrhizin on silica gel with n-butanol - water - acetic acid 7:2:1. The developed plate was dried and then sprayed with a blotting solution mixture of isopropanol - methanol - water 1:4:20. It was placed on a stainless steel plate, then covered with a piece of PVDF membrane sheet. After covering with a glass microfiber filter sheet, the preparation was pressed evenly for 50 sec at 120°C on a hot plate. The PVDF membrane was separated from the TLC plate and dried. The blotted membrane was dipped in water containing sodium periodate and stirred at room temperature for 1 h.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 15, 244-251 (2002). TLC and HPTLC of alkylamides, phenylpropanoids and fructofuranosides from Echinacea species and common adulterants on silica gel (predeveloped with methanol and dried at 120°C). TLC of alkylamides with hexane - ethyl acetate 2: 1. Detection under UV 254 nm and, after derivatization with anisaldehyde reagent, in white light and at UV 366 nm. HPTLC of phenylpropanoids (e.g. caftaric acid, cynarin, chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, echinacoside) with ethyl acetate - ethyl methyl ketone - formic acid - water 5:3:1:1 with chamber saturation. Visualization under UV 366 nm after derivatization with natural products reagent (diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethylester). HPTLC of fructofuranosides with n-butanol - 2-propanol - water 1:3:1 without chamber saturation. Visualization by use of aniline-diphenylamine reagent. These HPTLC methods have been developed and peer verified in accordance with the AOAC guidelines.

Chinese J. Hosp. Pharm. (Zhongguo Yiyuan Yaoxue Zazhi) 23 (1), 31-32 (2003). TLC on silica gel with petroleum ether (60-90°C) - ethyl acetate 19:1. Detection under UV 365 nm. Quantitation by densitometry at 290 nm and with the standard addition calibration method.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 16, 396-401 (2003). HPTLC of gallic acid and tannin on cellulose with iso-butanol - acetic acid - water 14:1:3.5 and on silica gel with chloroform - ethanol - formic acid 5:4:1 in a saturated chamber. After drying visualization under UV light at 254 nm. Quantitation by densitometry at 280 nm in absorbance mode. The validated method was found to be simple, reliable, and convenient for routine analysis. Establishment of a validated procedure.

CBS 89, 4-7 (2002). HPTLC of devil’s claw extract on lichrospher silica gel with ethyl acetate - ethanol (70 %) 7:3 over 70 mm with chamber saturation. Detection by dipping in anisaldehyde - sulfuric acid reagent followed by heating at 105 °C until colors develop. Determination of bioactivity with DPPH-biotest by spraying with 0.05 % solution of (2,2-di-(4-tert-octylphenol)-1-picrylhydrazyl in methanol. Determination of antibiotic properties with Merck Chrom Biodip test by dipping in bacteria solution and incubation at 26 °C for 20 h, followed by spraying with yellow MTT tetrazolium salt.