J. Sep. Sci. 38, 4180-4186 (2015). HPTLC of glycyrrhizic acid in the dried root and rhizoma of the plants Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat, and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on silica gel with ethyl acetate - water - acetic acid - formic acid 14:2:2:1. Detection by spraying with 10 % solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, followed by heating at 105 °C for 10 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 365 nm.

J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 39, 698-701 (2016). HPTLC of resveratrol and saponins in syrup, powdered trunk, and bark samples of Yucca schidigera on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - water 35:14:1. Detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid - ethanol solution followed by heating at 100 ºC. Qualitative identification at 254 nm. The hRF values for phenols were >38, where these were <38 for saponins.

Planta Med. 83, 1097-1102 (2017). The fractionations on a silica gel column (with a gradient of ethyl acetate, methanol and petroleum ether/dichloromethane) of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Antidesma ghaesembilla bark were monitored by TLC on silica gel with chloroform – methanol – water – formic acid 290:20:1:1 or 290:50:1:1, respectively. From fractions of the dichloromethane extract, chavibetol, sitostenone, asperphenamate, daucosterol, 5,7-dimethoxy-aristolochic acid II and 10-amino-5,7-dimethoxy-aristolic acid II were later isolated, the last one was detected by Dragendorff reagent. From fractions of the methanol extract, glucosides of aristolic acid and of vanillic acid were isolated and separated by preparative TLC with chloroform – methanol – acetone – formic acid 450:75:25:2. This preparative TLC yielded protocatechuic acid (hRF 51) and a mixture (hRF 14–19), from which a methyl-phloroglucinol glucoside was isolated by gel exclusion chromatography.

Phytochemistry 22, 1241-1244 (1983). TLC of various steroidal saponins on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 65:30:10 or butanol - ethanol - water 5:1:4. Detection with Ehrlich reagent or with H2SO4. Also TLC of the aglycones and the sugars.

II. Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim, panax ginseng Meyer and picrorrhiza kurroa Royle. J. Chromatogr. 312, 497-503 (1984). HPTLC of the title compound on silica with 1,2-dichloroethane - ethanol -methanol -water 65:22:22:7. Detection with a mixture (1:1) of 1 % vanillin in ethanol and 5 % sulfuric acid in ethanol. Densitometry at 530 nm after color stabilization (5 min.). The same method gave excellent results for the analysis of crude ginseng extracts. Also HPTLC of picrorrhiza kurroa extracts with dichloromethane-methanol - water 40:10:1. Detection at 268 and 285 nm. Precise and accurate HPTLC-densitometry method for the standardization of plant drugs.

Phytochemistry 26, 229-235 (1987). TLC of complex triterpenoid saponin mixtures on silica with chloroform - methanol - formic acid - water 15:9:1:2 and ethyl acetate - methanol -water 8:1:0.1, on RP-8 with 60 % methanol and on Avicel with the upper layer of butanol -pyridine -. water 6:2:3. Detection with 5 % sulfuric acid - methanol. Also PLC and column chromatography. Solvent systems suitable for very polar saponins.

J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 10, 607-613 (1987). TLC of ginsenoside-Rx (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, -Rg2, F2, pseudoginsenoside-F11, notoginsenoside-R1) on HPTLC silica plates with chloroform - ethyl acetate - methanol - water 15:40:22:10 (lower phase after standing overnight at 8-10°C). Detection after dipping into 5% sulfuric acid - ethanol solution for 2 sec., heating at 105 °C for 60 sec. and then, after cooling dipping into liquid paraffin/hexane 1:1 for 2 sec. to stabilize the fluorescence intensity. Quantification by fluorescence scanning at 366/>400 nm.

Sci. Pharm. 55, 41-44 (1987). 2D-TLC of saponins on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 63:35:8 and butanol - ethanol -conc. NH3 36:7:20. 2D-TLC on silica of genins with chloroform - methanol - water 85:8:0.5 and 80:10:1. Detection by spraying with anisaldehyde - sulfuric acid - ethanol 1:2:17 reagent.