J. Ethnopharmacol. 270, 113842 (2021). HPTLC of diosgenin in the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate 7:3. Detection by spraying with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent, followed by heating at 105 °C for 5 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 430 nm. The hRF value of diosgenin was 53.

Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 412, 6431-6448 (2020). Hydrophilic interaction high-performance
thin-layer chromatography (HI-HPTLC) of Stevia leaf extracts and 20 different food products on silica gel with acetonitrile - water 4:1. Detection by spraying with 2-naphthol sulfuric acid reagent (2 g in 180 mL ethanol plus dropwise 8 mL 50 % sulfuric acid) followed by heating at 160 ºC for 2 min, primuline reagent (0.1 g in 40 mL water plus 160 mL acetone), followed by documentation at 366 nm or anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent (1 mL 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 8 mL sulfuric acid, 16 mL glacial acetic acid and 140 mL methanol), followed by heating at 110 ºC for 5 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 500 nm after derivatization with the 2-naphthol sulfuric acid reagent and at 366/> 400 nm after derivatization with primuline reagent. Full scan mass spectra (m/z 100–1500) were recorded via heated electrospray ionization (HESI) in the positive and negative ionization mode. Bioprofiling and effect-directed detections were performed using a Gram-negative A. fischeri bioassay, Gram-positive B. subtilis bioassay, β-glucuronidase assay, tyrosinase assay, α-glucosidase assay, AChE assay and DPPH assay. 

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 165-172 (2021). HPTLC of ursolic acid (1) and oleanolic acid (2) in the flowers of Punica granatum on silica gel with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate - methanol 82:18:5. Detection by dipping into 1 % sulfuric acid - ethanol solution, followed by heating at 105 ºC for 3 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 530 nm. The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 43 and 62, respectively. Linearity was between 250 and 1503 ng/zone for (1) and 260 and 3633 ng/zone for (2). Intermediate precision was below 5 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ were 10 and 33 ng for (1) and 20 and 67 ng for (2), respectively. Average recovery was 101.1 % for (1) and 100.1 % for (2).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 173-181 (2021). HPTLC of caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), quercetin (3), oleanolic acid (4), lupeol (5), betulinic acid (6), β-Sitosterol (7), campesterol (8) and ergosterol (9) in samples of Echinops echinatus on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid - methanol 30:30:8:3 for (1) and (2), toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 5:4:1 for (3), toluene - methanol 9:1 for (4), petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - toluene 7:2:1 for (5) and (6), toluene - ethyl acetate 9:1 for (7) and toluene - methanol - formic acid for (8) and (9). Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm for (1) to (3), 540 nm for (4) to (6) and 530 nm for (7) to (9). The hRF values for (1) to (9) were 69, 80, 60, 30, 68, 55, 26, 67 and 75, respectively. Linearity was between 2 and 12 µg/mL for (1) to (9). Intermediate precision was below 2 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ were 38 and 119 ng/zone for (1), 18 and 57 ng/zone for (2), 364 and 1100 ng/zone for (3), 11 and 32 ng/zone for (4), 40 and 123 ng/zone for (5), 15 and 46 ng/zone for (6), 8 and 23 ng/zone for (7), 52 and 159 ng/zone for (8) and 527 and 1598 ng/zone for (9), respectively. Recovery was between 95.7 and 99.6 % for (1) to (9). 

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 139-146 (2021). HPTLC of cucurbitacin E in Cucumis sativus on silica gel with petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - formic acid 80:120:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm. The hRF value for cucurbitacin E was 79. Linearity was between 2 and 10 µg/zone. Intermediate precision was below 1 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ were 632 and 1917 ng/zone. Recovery was between 96.6 and 99.0 %. 

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 95-102 (2021). HPTLC of solasodine (1) and diosgenin (2) in different parts of Solanum xanthocarpum on silica gel with toluene - ethyl acetate - diethyl amine 60:20:3. Detection by dipping into anisaldehyde - sulfuric acid. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 540 nm for (1) and 440 nm for (2). The hRF values for (1) and (2) were 38 and 45, respectively. Linearity was between 0.4 and 2.0 µg/zone for (1) and 0.1 and 0.5 µg/zone for (2). Intermediate precision was below 4 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ were 524 and 1588 ng/zone for (1) and 523 and 1596 ng/zone for (2). Average recovery was 100.7 % for (1) and 100.2 % for (2).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 79-87 (2021). HPTLC of lupeol in roots and stems of Hygrophila schulli on silica gel with benzene - chloroform - methanol 372:21:7. Detection by spraying with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid reagent, followed by heating at 100 ºC for 3-5 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 540 nm. The hRF value for lupeol was 43. Linearity was between 200 and 1000 ng/zone. Intermediate precision was below 2 % (n=3). The LOD and LOQ were 21 and 63 ng/zone, respectively. Average recovery was 98.7 % in roots and 98.8 % in stems.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 34, 31-38 (2021). HPTLC of reserpine (1), scopoletine (2), piperine (3), bacoside A (4) and lupeol (5) in a polyherbal formulation (containing Rauwolfia serpentina, Nardostachys jatamansi, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Bacopa monnieri, Piper longum) on silica gel with benzene - ethyl acetate - glacial acetic acid - n-butanol 57:30:10:3 for (1), (2) and (3), n-butanol - glacial acetic acid - water 18:3:4 for (4) and benzene - ethyl acetate 9:1 for (5). Detection by spraying with 5 % methanolic sulfuric acid solution, followed by heating at 80 °C for 20 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm for (1) to (3), 598 nm for (4) and 580 nm for (5). The hRF values for (1) to (5) were 17, 53, 73, 34 and 48, respectively. Linearity was between 1 and 2 µg/zone for (1), 2.5 and 4.5 µg/zone for (2), 10 and 50 µg/zone for (3), 12 and 24 µg/zone for (4) and 1 and 5 µg/zone for (5). Intermediate precision was below 2 % (n=6). The LOD and LOQ were 6 and 20 ng/zone for (1), 13 and 38 ng/zone for (2), 11 and 33 ng/zone for (3), 377 and 1143 ng/zone for (4) and 324 and 982 ng/zone for (5), respectively. Average recovery was 98.1 %for (1), 99.9 % for (2), 99.9 for (3), 99.7 % for (4) and 99.5 % for (5).