CBS 89, 12-15 (2002). HPTLC on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - water - ammonia 24% 65:30:4:2 over 90 mm with chamber saturation for 30 min. Detection by dipping in CuSO4/H3PO4 reagent for 8 s followed by heating at 170 °C for 10 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 500 nm. Comparising operating costs the HPTLC analysis appears preferable for quality control of samples with known content. HPLC is more cost effective for the analysis of samples with unknown content.

Anal. Chem. 77, 4098-4107 (2005). Novel method for direct coupling of HPTLC with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for the analysis of biomolecules. HPTLC of gangliosides on silica gel with chloroform - methanol - water 24:17:4 containing 2 mM calcium chloride, with chamber saturation for 20 min. Detection by dipping for 10 s in 0.3 % (w/v) orcinol in 3 M sulfuric acid, followed by heating at 110 °C. Use of a glycerol as matrix, which provides a homogeneous wetting of the silica gel and a simple and fast preparation protocol. Use of an Er:YAG infrared laser, which ablates layers of 10 µm thickness of analyte-loaded silica gel and provides a soft desorption/ionization of even very labile analyte molecules. The orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer employed in this study, finally provides a high accuracy of the mass determination, which is independent of any irregularity of the silica gel surface. The method is demonstrated by the compositional mapping of a native GM3 (II3-r- Neu5Ac-LacCer) ganglioside mixture from cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. The analysis is characterized by a high relative sensitivity, allowing the simultaneous detection of various major and minor GM3 species directly from analyte bands. The lateral resolution of the direct HPTLC-MALDI-MS analysis is defined by the laser focus diameter of currently 200 µm. This allows one to determine mobility profiles of individual species with a higher resolution than by reading off the chromatogram by optical absorption.

Chinese J. Biochem. and Biophys. Adv. (Shengwu Huaxue Yu Shengwu Wuli Jinzhan) 19, 477-478 (1992). TLC of gangliosides on silica with chloroform - methanol - 0.25% CaCl2 60:40:9, after isolation by reverse-phase column chromatography. Detection by spraying with resorcinol reagent. Discussion of the isolation procedure

Anal. Biochem. 238, 195-202 (1996). TLC on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 120:70:17, and chloroform - methanol - water 24:17:4. Detection by spraying with orcinol-sulfuric acid-reagent for analytical purpose, and spraying with 0.05 mM 2-(N-methylamilino)-naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid in methanol for preparative purpose. Quantification by densitometry at 264, 240, 253, 244 nm for the fluorochromes. Isolation of the pure compounds by elution and further purification by anion-exchange chromatography and adsorption column chromatography.

CBS 113, 13-15 (2014). HPTLC of glycosylceramide Glc-d18:2 h16:0 from wheat germ and standards squalene, cholesteryl oleate, glyceryl trioleate, linoleic acid, ß-sitosterol, and ß-sitosterol glucoside on silica gel in the AMD 2 with a 18-step gradient modified from Opitz et al. (Chromatographia 73 (2011) 559), methanol replaced ethanol, and the mobile phase composition was changed slightly (pre-conditioning with 4 M acetic acid before each step, drying time 1.5 min, development duration 3 h and solvent consumption 200 mL). Detection by dipping in copper sulfate phosphoric acid reagent for 20 s and heating at 130 °C for 15 min revealed grey-brown bands. Densitometry evaluation by absorbance measurement at 546 nm. For Glc-d18:2 h16:0, regression analysis showed a polynomial relationship with coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.995 to 0.999 (n=3, 50 - 1000 ng/band). LOD (S/N 3) and LOQ (S/N 10) of Glc-d18:2_x000D_ h16:0 were 10 ng/band and 50 ng/band, respectively (n = 6).

J. Chromatogr. Sci. 19, 530-535 (1983). TLC of fatty acid methylesters, triglycerides, fatty acids, diglycerides on silica with petrol ether -ether - acetic acid 90:10:1.

J. Anal. Chem. UdSSR 33, 830-832 (1983). TLC of trans-trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid, crotonylidene acetone, crotonic and acetic acids and diketene on silica with hexane - acetone 2:1. Detection with 0.15 N KMnO4.

J. Chromatogr. 278, 160-166 (1983). TLC of gangliosides on silica with a) chloroform - methanol - water - 1 % CaCl2 55:45:8:2, b) chloroform - methanol - water - 1 % CaCl2 60:35:7:1. Detection by heating the plate at 140 °C for 10 minutes and spraying with resorcinol-HCl reagent. Densitometry.