(Identification and structure elucidation of digitalis glycosides using reaction TLC.) Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg. 125, 55-57 (1985). TLC of cardenolid glycosides on silica with heptane - ethyl acetate - ethanol - water 15:75:20:4. Detection with Jensen reagent (trichloracetic acid and chloramine T). TLC of sugars on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 80:19:l. Detection with thymol-sulfuric acid. Reaction TLC: enzymatic cleavage with Luizym (R) or acid catalysed hydrolysis on the layer, resp. cleavage of acetyl groups on the layer using NH3.

cultivars. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 17, 559-561 (1989). TLC of sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose on silica with butanol - acetone - water 3:3:1. Visualization by spraying first with 1% NaIO4 in 3% acetic acid solution and heating at 100°C, then by spraying with a solution containing 1g aniline, 1 g diphenylamine and 5 mL acetone followed by heating at 130°C.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 270-275 (1997). Separation of i.a. 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-a-D-glucopyranose and 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl-a-D-glucopyranose. Centrifugally accelerated, radial TLC on silica. The linear solvent gradient consisted of 100 mL volumes of increasing percentages of acetone in methylene chloride, pumped in a rate of 3 mL/min.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 14, 459-461 (2001). TLC of glucose, maltose, and raffinose on silica gel with ethyl acetate - acetic acid - methanol - water 12:3:3:2. Detection by spraying with ?-naphthol-sulfuric acid reagent and heating at 110°C for approximately 5 min. Quantitative densitometry at 515 nm.

Acta Chrom. 9, 79-86 (1999). HPTLC of the primary carbohydrates in the planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata on silica gel CF254 with acetonitrile – water 17:3 and ethyl acetate – acetic acid – methanol – water 12:3:3:2, on LK5DF silica gel with ethyl acetate – acetic acid – methanol – water 12:3:3:2, on RP-18 with tetrahydrofuran – water 22:3, on cellulose with ethyl acetate – pyridine – water 2:1:2 and on amino-bonded layers with ethyl acetate – pyridine – water – acetic acid 12:6:2:1. The use of specific detection reagents for reducing sugars (4-aminobenzoic acid detection reagent and aniline – DPA reagent), spiking experiments, and spraying with alpha-naphthol – sulfuric acid reagent for quantitative analysis (densitometry at 515 nm) aided the identification of glucose and maltose. GC-MS analysis confirmed the identification of maltose and glucose on the basis of retention times and spectral fingerprints. A starvation study was conducted to determine changes in sugar levels in B. glabrata digestive gland–gonad complex (DGG) and hemolymph samples during a 12-day starvation period.

Biochem. System. and Ecology 12, 183-188 (1984). TLC on silica with ethyl acetate - isopropanol - water 65:22:11; visualization by spraying with 85 % phosphoric acid - acetic acid - aniline - diphenylamine 20 ml + 100 ml + 5 ml + 5 g and heating at 100 °C for 2-3 h. Identification of sugars by co-chromatography with authentic standards.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 366-372 (2001). TLC of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-toluene-sulfonyl-D-ribono-1,4-lactone and 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-iodo-D-ribono-1,4-lactone on silica gel with hexane - ethyl acetate 2:1. Visualization by spraying with iron(III)chloride - hydroxylamine reagent and with alkaline methanolic triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution for 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-D-ribose and 5-deoxy-D-ribose.

Giovanni Olini (1200 AD) and St. Nicolosa Bursa (1500 AD). J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 205-212 (2015). TLC of (1) proteins, (2) resins, (3) sugars, and (4) waxes from fragments of the surface-coating material found on mummified bodies on silica gel for (2), (3), and (4), and on cellulose phase for (1) with n-butanol - acetic acid - water 4:1:1 for (1), benzene - methanol 19:1 for (2), acetonitrile - water 17:3 for (3), and petroleum ether - diethyl ether - acetic acid 90:10:1 for (4). Detection was performed after derivatization with ninhydrine reagent for (1), and iodine reagent for (2), (3) and (4). The combination of TLC and other chemical methods proved to be an effective and low-cost tool for obtaining valuable information during the archaeological investigation.