PLoS ONE 18(10), e0292514 (2023). Samples were 8 glycolipids, either sialylated or not; the two main examples were monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) and gangliotetraosylceramide (= asialo-GM1 = ASGM1). TLC on silica gel with chloroform – methanol – water – acetic acid 300:200:30:1, followed by air-drying. Visualization of glycolipids by spraying 5-methylresorcinol solution (0.2 % in 2 M sulfuric acid), followed by 5 min heating at 110°C. For immunostaining, underivatized chromatograms were immersed into a blocking gel (1% gelatin, 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1mM EDTA in phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS)), followed by immersion into a solution of monoclonal (50 ng/mL) or polyclonal (1:1,000) anti-ASGM1 antibodies purposedly produced in rabbits. After 1h reaction at room temperature, the layers were washed thrice with T-PBS (0.05 % Tween 20 in PBS) and horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:40,000) was added. After washing thrice with T-PBS, the TLC sheets were incubated in substrate solution (tetramethylbenzidine). Blue spots indicated the glycolipids bound by the antibody. In this TLC assay, each of the five monoclonal antibodies (as well as the polyclonal serum) was specific to ASGM1 (unsialylated), whereas in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) at the same concentrations three of them displayed partial cross-reactivity towards GM1, GM3 or GD1b, which are sialylated glycolipids. 

3 Biotech 13, 32 (2023). Samples were the products of transgalactosylation operated by β-galactosidase immobilized on modified carrageenan beads in a solution of lactose. Raffinose, a trisaccharide, was used as standard. TLC on silica gel with n-propanol – water 17:3. Detection of galacto-oligosaccharides by spraying naphthol reagent (50 mg α-naphtol in 95 mL ethanol and 5 mL sulfuric acid), followed by heating. The target zones from unsprayed layers were further extracted with methanol using a TLC-MS interface into a quadrupole MS (flow rate 0.2ml/min, positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI), m/z range 10–1200). Galactose oligomers were found, from trimers to hexamers (heptamers were observed when the reaction time was beyond 3 hours).

Food Chem. 432, 137145 (2024). HPTLC of glucose (1), maltose (2) and maltriose (3) released from 10 flour samples with the enzymatic (human salivary α-amylase and porcine pancreatic α-amylase in a pancreatin enzyme mixture) and calcium chloride solution, pre-conditioned for 30 min in 70 % relative humidity with saturated sodium carbonate decahydrate solution. Before starting the enzyme reaction by wetting the application area, the upper plate part was covered with another smaller plate, which was sprayed with 2.5 mL 0.1 M sodium chloride solution to start the enzyme reaction, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 60 min. The plate was developed with acetonitrile - water - 2-propanol - acetone 12:3:4:1 or acetonitrile - water - 2-propanol 3:1:1. Detection by spraying with p‑aminobenzoic acid reagent (2 g p-aminobenzoic acid in 252 mL glacial acetic acid - water - acetone - o‑phosphoric acid 25:25:75:1), followed by heating at 140 °C for 5 min. Chromatograms were documented at 366 nm and the fluorescence was measured densitometrically at 366/>400 nm. Linearity was in the range of 5-800 ng/zone for (1), 10-950 ng/zone for (2) and 47-565 ng/zone for (3). Intermediate precisions were below 16 %. Mean recoveries were between 111 and 112 % for (1) and 106 and 115 % for (2).

J. Planar Chromatogr. 36, 201-210 (2023). HPTLC of trehalulose on silica gel with 1-butanol - 2-propanol - 5 mg/mL aqueous boric acid solution 3:5:1. Detection by spraying with aniline - diphenylamine - phosphoric acid reagent, followed by heating to 115 °C for 10 min. Plates were analyzed under white light using three sets of images: remission white, transmission white and remission–transmission white. The hRF value for trehalose was 5 (1) to (3) were 38, 24 and 50, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 100-800 ng/zone. Intermediate precisions were below 2 % (n=3). LOD and LOQ were 20 and 61 ng/zone, respectively. Mean recovery was 102.3 %.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 36, 179-190 (2023). HPTLC of genistin (1), ononin (2), rutin (3) and luteolin-6-C-glucoside (4) in rutin commercial products on silica gel with ethyl acetate - methanol - glacial acetic acid - formic acid 11:1:1:1. Detection by derivatization with natural products polyethylene glycol reagent. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm. The hRF values for (1) to (4) were 50, 46, 21 and 29, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 60-300 ng/zone for (1) to (4). Intermediate precisions were below 3 % (n=3). LOD and LOQ were 8 and 24 ng/zone for (1), (2) and (4), and 11 and 32 ng/zone for (3). Recovery was between 98.2 and 102.0 % for (1), 100.5 and 100.8 % for (2), 99.8 and 101.6 % for (3) and 99.7 and 100.3 % for (4).

J. Sep. Sci. 46, 2300368 (2023). Review of chromatographic methods for the analysis of polysaccharides, including TLC and HPTLC. The paper described general process and fully automated techniques, mobile phases and detection methods.

Food Res. Int. 173, 113288 (2023). Review of production, bio-activity, and the role of coffee oligosaccharides (COS) as a functional food, including TLC and HPTLC separation and characterization techniques for the analysis of COS.

Marine Drugs 20(1), 2 (2022). Samples were the products of partial vs. complete hydrolysis of agar by rGaa16Bc, a recombinant form of agarase Gaa16B from Gilvimarinus agarilyticus (Cellvibrionaceae) overexpressed in Escherichia coli. D-galactose (G) and its oligomers (neoagarobiose (NA2), neoagarotetraose (NA4), neoagarohexaose (NA6)) were used as standards. TLC on silica gel with n-butanol – acetic acid – water 2:1:1. Visualization by spraying orcinol reagent (50 mg orcine monohydrate in 100 mL acetone and 8 mL sulfuric acid), followed by 10 min heating at 110° C. The observed patterns showed the apparition of NA6 and NA4 among the hydrolytic products already after 20 min reaction, whereas NA4 and NA2 were the main products after over-night complete hydrolysis.