leaves by a validated HPTLC–photodensitometry method. Phytochem. Anal. 26, 253-260 (2015). HPTLC of oleacein (1), oleuropein (2) and echinacoside (3) in the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare on silica gel with dichloromethane - methanol - formic acid - water 160:50:8:3. Detection by dipping into anisaldehyde (0.5 %, methanolic) and sulfuric acid (5 %, methanolic), followed by heating at 105 °C for 10 min. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 240 nm and 350 nm. The hRF values of (1) to (3) were 82, 58 and 12, respectively. Linearity was in the range of 625-1875 μg/mL for (1), 100-300 μg/mL for (2) and 180-540 μg/mL for (3). LOD and LOQ were 0.58 and 1.77 μg/mL for (1), 0.20 and 0.61 μg/mL for (2) and 0.32 and 0.97 μg/mL for (3), respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were below 3 % (n=3). Average recoveries varied from 102 to 113 % for (1), 106 and 112 % for (2) and 99 and 101 % for (3), respectively.

seed (Takhmaria). J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 216-220 (2016). HPTLC of apigenin in the seeds of Ocimum basilicum on silica gel with toluene – acetone – formic acid 5:4:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 340 nm. The hRF value of apigenin was 71. Linearity was in the range of 100-600 ng/zone. Intermediate precisions were below 0.5 %. The LOD and LOQ were 4 and 12 ng/zone. Recovery was between 98.5 and 100.6 %.

fruits. J. Planar Chromatogr. 29, 356-360 (2016). HPTLC of gallic acid (1), vanillic acid (2), protocatechuic acid (3), and quercetin (4) in the fruits of Limonia acidissima on silica gel with toluene – ethyl acetate – formic acid 5:4:1. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 254 nm. The hRF values of (1) to (4) were 30, 47, 37 and 42, respectively. Linearity was between 100 and 600 ng/zone for (1) to (4). The intermediate precisions for (1) to (4) were below 1.6 % (n=3). The LODs and LOQs were 30 and 91 ng/zone for (1), 25 and 76 ng/zone for (2), 33 and 100 ng/zone for (3) and 28 and 85 ng/zone for (4). Recoveries were between 98.0 and 100.1 % for (1) to (4).

J. Sep. Sci. 40, 4482-4494 (2017). HPTLC fingerprint of Herba Leonuri on RP phase with ethyl acetate – formic acid – acetic acid – water 20:3:3:2. Detection by spraying with 10 % sulfuric acid in ethanol, followed by heating at 105 °C for 10 min. Also HPTLC on normal phase (NP) silica gel with ethyl acetate – formic acid – ethanol 3:2:3. Detection by spraying with bismuth potassium iodide with 1 % iron chloride – ethanol 5:1, followed by heating at 105 °C for 10 min. Qualitative identification under UV 254 nm for the NP system and 365 nm for the RP system. The hRF values of rutin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and isoquercitrin in the RP system were 27, 32, 43 and 47, respectively. The hRF values for trigonelline and stachydrine in the NP system were 23 and 25.

Food Chem. 267, 277-287 (2018). HPTLC fingerprint of proanthocyanidins, alkaloids, and anthocyanins in cocoa beans from different geographical origins on silica gel with ethyl formate – formic acid – water – toluene 60:8:6:3. Detection by dipping into a Fast Blue Salt B reagent (140 mg Fast Blue salt B in 140 mL methanol, 10 mL water, and 50 mL dichloromethane), followed by drying for 30 s. Evaluation at UV 254 nm and white light. Quantitative determination by absorbance measurement at 280 nm for alkaloids and 510 nm for anthocyanins and derivatized PA. The hRF values for epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, B1 and C1 and cinnamtannin A2 were 62, 37, 33, 21 and 12, respectively. The hRF values for alkaloids caffeine and theobromine were 48 and 39, respectively. The hRF values for anthocyanins cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were 12 and 19, respectively.

Biochem. Systematics and Ecology 13, 257-259 (1985). TLC study of benzofuran derivatives in enceliopsi argophylla, E. covillei and E. nudicaulis. TLC on silica with dichloromethane. For preparative isolation bulk samples were extracted and separated by CC on silica with dichloromethane as eluent and by CC on Sephadex LH-20. Detection at UV 366 nm.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 15, 639-641 (1987). TLC of flavonoids on polyamide. Visualization under UV at 366 nm both before and after spraying with natural dye reagent A/ß-amino-ethylester of diphenyl-boric acid.

Planta Med. 1988, 219-221. TLC of flavonoids and xanthones on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 70:30:3, cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 1:2 and on polyamide with methanol - acetic acid 50% 9:1. Preparative separation by centrifugal TLC (2 mm silica plates) with toluene - ethyl acetate mixtures.