J. Chromatogr. B 737 (1/2), 3-12 (2000). A two-step purification protocol was developed to purify the title proteins by anion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Assessment of the resultant pure solution of vitellogenin by silver staining electrophoresis and immunochemical characterization.

(Chinese). J. Chinese Trad. Patent Med. (Zhongchengyao) 25 (12), 968-970 (2004). TLC on silica gel with 1) chloroform - methanol - water 13:7:2, 2) toluene - ethyl formate - formic acid 5:4:1, 3) n-hexane - benzene - ethyl acetate 14:3:3. Detection 1) by spraying with 10 % H2SO4 in ethanol and heating at 105 ºC for 5 min, 2) under UV 365 nm, 3) by iodine vapor. Identification by fingerprint techniques. Quantitative determination of astragaloside by HPLC.

Chromatographia 67 (3-4), 315-313 (2008). Investigation of two different chromatographic substrates and one interface for coupling surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with TLC. A chromatographic thin layer, specially produced for RS measurements, and a monolithic silica thin layer were used. A typical TLC plate with a modified aluminium backplate foil on one side was used as an interface. As test analytes three biologically active diterpenes (gibberellic acid, abietic acid, and kaurenoic acid) were applied directly onto the surface, followed by the addition of silver colloid and measurements by SERS. The strongest signal (excitation at 514.5 nm) was obtained for gibberellic acid using a Raman treated thin layer where the enhancement factor value was determined to be 102. No useful SERS signals were observed when the monolithic silica layer was used. Similar SERS spectra on modified aluminium backplate were obtained for abietic acid and gibberellic acid and no SERS spectrum was obtained for kaurenoic acid.

Anal. Chem. 76, 479-482 (2004). Coupling of a rotation preparative layer chromatography system on-line with mass spectrometry using a simple plumbing scheme and a self-aspirating heated nebulizer probe of a corona discharge atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. The self-aspiration of the heated nebulizer delivers approx. 20 µL/min of the 3.0 mL/min eluate stream to the mass spectrometer, eliminating the need for an external pump in the system. The viability of the coupling is demonstrated with a three-dye mixture composed of fat red 7B, solvent green 3, and solvent blue 35 separated and eluted from a silica gel-coated rotor using toluene. The real-time characterization of the dyes eluting from the rotor is illustrated in positive ion full-scan mode. Other self-aspirating ion source systems including atmospheric pressure photoionization, electrospray ionization, and inductively coupled plasma ionization, for example, might be configured and used in a similar manner coupled to the chromatograph to expand the types of analytes that could be ionized, detected, and characterized effectively.

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 24, 659-666 (2010). HPTLC of rhodamine B and five de-ethylated transformation products (N,N,N‘-tryethylrhodamine (1), N,N‘-dyethylrhodamine (2), N,N-dyethylrhodamine (3), N-ethylrhodamine (4), and rhodamine (5)) in groundwater on silica gel by automated multiple development with a 23-step gradient based on methanol (with the addition of formic acid) and dichloromethane. The drying time after each step was 2 min. For detection by bioluminescence the plate was dipped into a suspension of Vibrio fischeri for 2 s at a speed of 3 cm/s. The hRf were 72, 66, 60, 53, 48, and 36 for compounds (1) - (5). Combination of different separation and detection techniques enabled a fast and effective screening of the groundwater sample.

J. Planar Chromatogr. 26, 172-179 (2013). OPLC with on-line detection and fractionation, in-situ sample clean-up in the planar layer adsorbent bed, direct bioautography (DB), OPLC–MS, solid phase microextraction (SPME)–GC–MS, and LC–MS/MS for the bioassay-guided isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from chamomile flower extract. The bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial chamomile components was based on OPLC separation with on-line detection and fractionation combined with previous sample clean-up in-situ in the adsorbent bed after sample application. First the adsorbent layer was partially pre-weted between the edge of the layer and the sample application zone with the goal to fill up the “dead” area behind the trough, which leads the components to leave the adsorbent layer during the clean-up step. With this process, the zone behind the trough can be protected from stucking of any components in it, otherwise the stucked compounds could be detected continuously during the separation/detection/fraction collection. During the in-situ sample clean-up the mobile phase flow was in the opposite direction, from outlet toward inlet of the chamber. In this step the load of the adsorbent can be decreased for the fractionation, which is done in the normal direction of the mobile phase.

Giovanni Olini (1200 AD) and St. Nicolosa Bursa (1500 AD). J. Planar Chromatogr. 28, 205-212 (2015). TLC of (1) proteins, (2) resins, (3) sugars, and (4) waxes from fragments of the surface-coating material found on mummified bodies on silica gel for (2), (3), and (4), and on cellulose phase for (1) with n-butanol - acetic acid - water 4:1:1 for (1), benzene - methanol 19:1 for (2), acetonitrile - water 17:3 for (3), and petroleum ether - diethyl ether - acetic acid 90:10:1 for (4). Detection was performed after derivatization with ninhydrine reagent for (1), and iodine reagent for (2), (3) and (4). The combination of TLC and other chemical methods proved to be an effective and low-cost tool for obtaining valuable information during the archaeological investigation.

Planta Medica 82 (15), 1351-1358 (2016). The barks of forest trees (Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Populus robusta, Populus tremula, Prunus avium, Quercus robur) were successively extracted with n-heptane, methanol, and methanol/water; extracts and gentamycin were applied on TLC plates (but not developed; no TLC), which were sterilised, covered with a Mueller-Hinton agar medium containing a Staphylococcus aureus CIP 53.154 suspension, incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and revealed with MTT. All the methanolic extracts were active, as well as some other, the most active being those of Q. robur, L. decidua, and P. abies.